Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: place of robotic assistance

This video demonstrates a right adrenalectomy in a patient with a 1.5 cm Conn's tumor. The surgeon mobilizes the superior aspect of the gland and exposes the inferior vena cava. After clipping and dividing the adrenal vein the middle, superior and inferior adrenal arteries are identified, clipped, and divided. The gland is resected completely and removed using a specimen bag.
This video provides a good introduction to steps in performing a right adrenalectomy.

This video demonstrates a standard right adrenalectomy for a Conn's syndrome. The surgeon uses 3D reconstruction from preoperative CT to plan the approach and simulate the position of the trocars. The surgery goes uneventful as planned.

This video demonstrates the surgical approach to a left adrenalectomy. The patient has a large (Cushing's) tumor of the gland. The surgeon uses a left lateral position. After mobilizing the spleen and the tail of the pancreas, the surgeon identifies the adrenal vein and the accessory adrenal vein, and clips and divides them. He then proceeds to identify, clip, and divide the adrenal artery. The gland is then dissected off the diaphragm and the kidney and removed.

This video demonstrates a laparoscopic left adrenalectomy in a patient with a small Conn's tumor. There is an anatomic anomaly of position of inferior vena cava identified by preoperative CT-scan. The surgeon demonstrates the identification and division of adrenal vein and accessory adrenal vein, as well as the superior middle and inferior adrenal arteries.